青藏高原东缘野生暗紫贝母生物量分配格局对高山生态环境的适应

从时空尺度研究了青藏高原东缘野生暗紫贝母(Fritillaria unibracteata)生物量分配特征对高山环境条件的生态适应。通过海拔梯度、群落类型、群落盖度、群落透光率4个变量的分析, 间接探讨了高山环境条件下水分、热量、光照和土壤养分等主要环境因子对暗紫贝母生物量分配的影响, 并主要研究了海拔梯度这一综合要素的生态效应。同时, 从时间尺度上研究了暗紫贝母不同生活史阶段的生物量分配模式, 以期了解不同发育阶段高山植物对于环境要素的适应特征。研究结果表明: 1)在一定的空间范围内, 4个环境变量中仅海拔梯度对暗紫贝母单株鳞茎生物量及总生物量的影响差异显著, 且生物量积累随海拔升高而减小。2)在空间尺度上, 海拔梯度为野生暗紫贝母生长的主要限制因子, 表明在高山地区热量条件对植物生长具有明显的制约作用, 同时不同生活史阶段的暗紫贝母其生物量分配模式对海拔梯度的响应也存在着一定的差异。2年生贝母的鳞茎生物量分配随海拔升高而降低, 叶生物量分配随之增加。3年生和4年生贝母鳞茎及叶生物量分配在不同海拔梯度上比较稳定, 而茎生物量分配随海拔升高而降低, 有性生殖(花)分配则随之而增加。各生活史阶段植株根生物量在不同海拔梯度上分配稳定。3)在时间尺度上, 不同生活史阶段贝母生物量分配模式存在显著差异。根和茎生物量分配随生活史阶段的增加而显著增加, 而鳞茎和叶生物量分配则随之显著减少。单株鳞茎生物量在3年生阶段达到最大。     

Studies on Chemicai Constituents of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.

In our previous paper, it was reported that peimine, peiminine and a new alkaloid, Zhebeinine, were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. In consecutive investigation of the plant, an additional new alkloid, 5α, 14α-cevanine-3β-hydroxy-6-one, named zhebei rine(2) and a known eduardine (1) were isolated and the structure of zhebeirine was determined on the basis of spectral analysis. Eduardine(1) was firstly isolated from the bulbs.     

A Revision of Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains and Adjacent Regions,China ( 1 )—A Study of Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don and Its Related Species

A study was made on Fritillaria cirrhosa D．Don and its related species based on both field observation and herbarium material．As a result,four species are recognized and 16 specific names and 18 variety names are reduced as synonyms．     

On the Taxonomical State of Fritillaria sulcisquamosa and F. puqiensis

F. sulcisquamosa is slightly different from F. unibracteata in pollen morphology and differs external-morphologically from the latter in lacking trellised spots inside tepals. Therefore the former is reduced to a variety of the latter. F. puqiensis is found very similar to F. thunbergii both in pollen morphology and gross morphology. The former is different fromthe latter in geographical distribution and thus reduced to a variety of the latter.     

Karyotypes of the Genus Fritillaria from South Anhui

This paper reports chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species of the genus Fritillaria from south Anhui. The origin of the material used in this work is provided in Table 1, micrographs of mitotic metaphase in Plate 1,2, and the parameters of chromosomes in Table 2. Except F. thunbergii Miq., the karyotypes and chromosome numbers of all the species in this paper were studied for the first time. The results are shown as follows: 1. Fritillaria qimenensis D. C. Zhang et J. Z. Shao Collected from Qimen, Anhui, it has the karyotype formula 2n = 24+4Bs = 3m+lsm+8st (2sc)+12t (2sc)+4Bs (Plate 1:1, 2). The chromosomes range in length 8.72-19.13μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.19. Therefore, the karyotype belongs to Stebbins’ (1971) 3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 10th pairs. All the five B-chromosomes are of terminal centromeres. The two chromosomes of the second pair show heteromorphy (Fig. 1, E) with arm ratios 1.86 and 1.56 respectively. 2. Fritillaria monantha Miq. var. tonglingensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin Collected from Tongling, Anhui, this species is shown to have three chromosome numbers, 2n =24+5Bs, 2n=24+2Bs and 2n=24. This paper reports 2 cytotypes: Type I: 2n = 24+5Bs = 4m+8st (2sc) +12t (2sc) +5Bs (Plate 1: 3, 4). The chromosomes range in length from 10.40 to 22.19μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.13. It belongs to 3B of stebbins’(1971) karyotypic symmetry. The secondary constrictions are found on the short arms of 7th and the long arms of 9th chromosome pairs. The metacentric B-chromosomes and the small satellites located on the short arms are major characters of this cytotype. Type II: 2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc) (Plate 1:5, 6). The chromosomes range in length from 13.84 to 29.81μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.15. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 5th and 10th pairs. No B-chromosomes are found. 3. Fritillaria xiaobeimu Y. K. Yang, J. Z. Shao et M. M. Fang Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it has karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+10st (4sc) + 10t (Plate 2:7, 8). The chromosomes range in length from 13.86 to 26.27μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 1.89. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3A. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 9th pairs. 4. Fritillaria ningguoensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st (2sc) +12t (Plate 2: 9, 10). The chromosomes range in length from 9.11 to 23.23μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.55. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’3B. The secondary constrictions are only found on the long arms of the 10 th pair. 5. Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st(2sc) +12t(2sc)(Plate 2:11, 12). The chromosomes range in length from 8.83 to 19.85μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.25. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3B. There are secondary constrictions on the long arms of 5th and 7th pairs. The karyotype of the Ningguo material is similar to that of the Huoqiu (Anhui) material reported by Xu Jin-lin et al. (1987), but it is obviously different from 2n=2m(sc)+2sm+4st(2sc)+16t (2sc) reported byZhai et al. (1985) for the material from Xingjiang, Northwest China.     

The Existence of Isosteroidal Alkaloids in Fritillaria L.(Liliaceae) and Its Taxonomical Significance

The plant chemotaxonomical marker of Fritillaria L. is discussed in this paper according to the information on chemical components. Plenty of evidence shows that 5α-cevanine isosteroidal alkaloids are the characteristic constituents of this genus. In the light of the biogensis of this kind of alkaloids, the C-13 and C- 17 of the molecular structures may be rational positions uniting a nitrogenous group in their biosyntheses which make two kinds of 5α-cevanine isosteroidal alkaloids, the dihydrogen of C- 13 and C- 17 being at the state of trans-configuration (e. g. verticine, verticinone) and at the state of cisconfiguration (e.g. delavine, chuanbeinone and songbeinine). Meanwhile, this paper reports the existence and content of some 5α-cevanine isosteroidal alkaloids in main Chinese fritillarias. This result reveals that there may be a relationship between the formation of characteristic constituents on one hand and other morphological characters and distribution of the plants concerned on the other,which encourages further investigation.     

A Comparative Karyotypic Study of Three Species in Fritillaria

The present paper deals with a comparative karyotypic study of three species in Fritillaria-F. thuncergii Miq., F. anhuiensis S. . Chen et S. F. Yin and F. hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia. The karyotype of F. anhuiensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin is first reported. The karyotypes of the three species of Fritillaria are rather similar, all with K(2n)=24= 2m+2sm+12t+4st+4m (SAT), showing a close interspecific relationship. They all have two pairs of st chromosomes, one of which is the third chromosome in all the three species studied, but the other is the seventh in F. thunbergii Miq, the eighth in F. anhuiensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin, and the fifth in F. hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia. It tells us that there are some differences in their karyotypes. All of the three species possess two pairs of satellite chromosomes with the satellites located on the long arms. A heterochromatic zone is found sometimes on long arms of No. IX chromosome in each species of Fritillaria and on one of No. I chromosomes in both F. thunbergii Miq. and F. anhuiensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin, a chromosome polymorphism occurring between populations of Fritillaria. In addition, three B chromosomes are always found in most root-tip cells of F. hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsiao.     

A Karyological Study on Fritillaria from Xinjiang

Fritillary is a precious Chinese medicinal herb. Those native to Xinjiang Northwest China, are even more distinguished from other sources for their purity and effectiveness. Fritillaria in Xinjiang comprises 8 native species and one (F. thunbergii Miq.) introduced from Zhejiang, East China. In this paper the authors describe the karyotypes of 6 species native to Xinjiang and F. thunbergii Miq., of which five, i.e.F. olgae Vved., F. walujewii Regel, F. yuminensis X. Z. Duan, F. karelinii (Fisch.) Baker and F. thunbergii Miq. were studied for the first time. Detail observation and measurment of chromosomes in each of them were made. The data obtained may be summarized as follows: scietific name karyotype formula (2n=) F. pallidiflora Schrenk 2m + 2sm + 6st + 14t F. olgae Vved. 4m + 6st + 14t F. walujewii Regel 2m + 2sm + 8st+ 12t F. yuminensis X. Z. Duan 4m + 8st + 12t F. verticillata Willd 4m + 8st + 12t F. karelinii (Fisch.) Baker 4m + 4sm + 4st + 12t F. thunbergii Miq. 2m + 2sm + 4st + 16t The karyotype of the native species are, on the whole, similar to each other except that of F. karelinii (Fisch.) Baker, a species inhabiting desert areas. The number of m-sm chromosomes has increased from 2 to 4 and the number of st-t chromosomes decreased correspondently. So is the karyotype of F. thunbergii Miq. which is noted for its high ratio of long chromosome/short chromosome and the more t-chromosomes. These two peculiar karyotypes coincide amazingly with their specific natural habitats.     

Two New Species of Liliaceae from Anhui,China

Two new species of the Liliaceae are described from Anhui Province, China. i. e. Fritillaria qimenensis D. C. Zhang et J. Z. Shao and Lilium anhuiense D. C. Zhang et J. Z.Shao.